Description
En el Ecuador la primera evidencia de trabajo en cerámica pertenece a la Cultura Valdivia, considerada una de las más antiguas de América.
Entre las técnicas de fabricación se encuentran el golpeado, paleteado, vaciado, modelado libre o jalado, molde, molde de doble cara, molde falso, raspado, acordelado y torneado, y en la decoración es tradicional el engobe, bruñido, esgrafiado, punteado, ahumado, esmaltado, rakú, entre otros. La quema se realiza en hornos cerrados o abiertos, elaborados por el propio artesano o industriales, a gas o eléctricos, para conseguir resistencia y durabilidad.
El trabajo en alfarería se distribuye en todo el territorio ecuatoriano y adopta diferentes particularidades de acuerdo con la ubicación geográfica y el contexto sociocultural y étnico de los grupos humanos que la trabajan. Las comunidades que se destacan en la elaboración de objetos cerámicos son:
Las Nieves (Azuay), Jatumpamba (Cañar) and La Cera (Loja)characterized by the pre-Columbian technique of hitting with huactanas, pulling, engobes or naturally and burning in the open air to create pots and pots.La Pila (Manabí)Known for free modeling, scraping, two-lid mold and slip with which replicas of pre-Columbian objects are created.Kichwa (Pastaza) and Shuar (Morona Santiago and Zamora Chinchipe) nationalitiesusers of the technique of accordion, striking and natural slips. The Kichwa Nationality makes utilitarian containers, animals and mythological beings; while the Shuar Nationality makes utilitarian and ceremonial objects.Ceramics of pre-Columbian tradition from the Carchi Negative Culture (Carchi)It uses the technique of modeling, natural slips and enamels, allowing it to create replicas of pre-Columbian objects and utilitarian lines with ancestral designs, iconography and chromaticity.Pujilí (Cotopaxi) and Chordeleg (Azuay)They are known for the use of the wheel, molds, free modeling, enamels and frits for the construction of objects with traditional scenes.
In the different urban areas of the cities of Quito, Cuenca and Guayaquil, different lines of work with traditional, contemporary and industrial ceramics are developed.
English
Pottery and CeramicsIn Ecuador, the earliest evidence of pottery work belongs to the Valdivia Culture, considered one of the oldest in America. Among the manufacturing techniques are beating, palletizing, hollowing, free modeling, double-sided molding, scraping, chording and turning. The traditional decoration is engobe, burnishing, sgraffito, stippling, smoking, enamelling, and raku, among others. Firing is carried out in closed or open kilns, made by the craftsman himself or industrial, gas-fired or electric, in order to achieve strength and durability.
Pottery work is distributed throughout the Ecuadorian territory and adopts different particularities according to the geographical location and the socio-cultural and ethnic context of the human groups that work it. The communities that stand out in the production of ceramic objects are Las Nieves (Azuay), Jatumpamba (Cañar) and La Cera (Loja) characterized by the pre-Columbian technique of beating with huactanas, engobes or natural and burning in the open air to create pots and pots. In La Pila (Manabí), they create replicas of pre-Columbian objects. Kichwa (Pastaza) and Shuar (Morona Santiago and Zamora Chinchipe) nationalities. The Kichwa Nationality makes utilitarian vessels, animals and mythological beings, while the Shuar Nationality makes utilitarian and ceremonial objects.
Ceramics of pre-Columbian tradition of the Negative Culture of “Carchi” uses the technique of modeling, natural slips and enamels allowing them to create replicas of pre-Columbian objects and utilitarian line with designs, iconography and ancestral chromatics. Pujilí (Cotopaxi) and Chordeleg (Azuay) are known for the use of the lathe, molds, free modeling, enamels and frits for the construction of objects with traditional scenes.
In the urban areas of the cities of Quito, Cuenca and Guayaquil, different lines of work with traditional, contemporary and industrial ceramics are being developed.
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